Philosophy of Ernest Nagel from a First Person Essay

Drug War and Mexican Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medication War and Mexican Economy - Essay Example The economy has had its seasons of rising and difficult situations too. During the time of 1940 to 1960, different measures were set up by the Mexican government to lessen the swelling rate and advance its development. Such measures were both financial and money related strategies, just as import replacement. This saw the economy rise however the impact was not to keep going since a long time ago in 1970; the populists surrendered these procedures for expanded purchaser appropriations and encouraged state responsibility for elements. This was along with uncontrolled state spending and over dependence on oil income in this way raising the degrees of expansion in the economy of Mexico. In the period between 1980 to 1990 a few measures to forestall the expanding swelling rate and unnecessary obtaining were set up, which included privatization of state possessed organizations, decrease of duty and non tax exchange hindrances among others (Library of congress, 20). This was delegated by t he marking of the North America unhindered commerce understanding in 1994. During this period, the total national output was about 2.6% rather than the period 1983 to 1988, which was 0.1%. This pattern has proceeded since the time set for the year 2001 when there was downturn in the United States, which consequently influenced the economy of Mexico adversely. ... The war against drugs use and the cartels for its exchange has been a significant test in Mexico for a long while previously and it is as yet progressing. A few endeavors have been set up to dispense with the medication cartels working inside the nation, some which have succeeded while others have not seeing that the medication cartels are as yet working inside the nation and past. Some contributing components for its flourishing in Mexico are the accessibility of prepared market for the medications particularly in the United States (Shirk, 6). Further, the accessibility of weaponry by the administrators of these cartels has additionally supported this illicit exchange since they help offer security to the medications while in travel and even to the individuals shipping them. The weapons are likewise used to dispense with anyone who attempts to forestall the medication exchange from occurring consequently representing the various rough cases identified with drugs. The significant pro viders of the arms are from the United States and this thusly necessitates the United States need to assume a significant job in the war against drugs in Mexico if at all the war against the medications will be won. The impact of medication wars on the economy of Mexico Apparently, there is an extraordinary connection between the economy of Mexico and the current medication cartels in the nation. The medication wars in Mexico influence the economy adversely in different manners, one of the significant impact being the loss of remote cash because of the decreased movement in the travel industry (Schneider, Para 4). Because of the Mexican government’s rising assaults on the medication cartels in an offer to dispose of them in the nation, the medication cartels that don't adhere to the standard of law are retaliating now like never before particularly with the expanded gracefully of

How To Use Microsoft Word References Tool For Smarter Academic Writing

How To Use Microsoft Word References Tool For Smarter Academic Writing Academic writing requires careful planning and preparation on the front end, and the more time you spend on this preparatory work, the easier the actual writing process will be. An important thing to remember is thisâ€"whenever you can take shortcuts while writing your academic essay, article, thesis or dissertation, take them. Its the little things here and there that can save you a lot of big headache in the overall process. All thats required is a little foresight and knowledge of which shortcuts to take.What is a citation generator tool?A citation generator tool is one such shortcut that comes standard with most word processing programs. For this particular article, well look at Microsoft Word and its citation generator, which can be accessed by choosing References in the main menu of your working document. Its especially useful when youre writing about research in a thesis or dissertation in that it helps you keep track of the dozens of sources you will likely use over the cours e of your research.How do I use Microsoft Words citation generator tool?This guide will walk you through the steps youll need to take to generate both in-text and bibliography citations in your academic writing while using Microsoft Word to write your document.Step 1As you write, go ahead and input the information related to the article or source youre referring to or quoting. As you can see in the screenshot below, this is done by going to References, then choosing Insert Citation.As you write, go ahead and input the information related to the article or source youre referring to or quoting. This is done by going to References, then choosing Insert Citation.Notice that once you choose Insert Citation, you can plug in the Style that needs to be used to cite sources. For the purposes of this tutorial, I chose APA style formatting, but the current Microsoft Word program offers several other formatting styles to choose from, including APA, Chicago, Harvard, IEEE, MLA, Turabian, and oth ers. Youll want to make sure you choose the correct formatting style on each citation you generate through the References option, since the styles vary widely in how sources are cited both in the text and in the final bibliography generated.Step 2After choosing Insert Citation, a menu will show beneath allowing you to Add New Source.After choosing Insert Citation, a menu will show beneath allowing you to Add New Source.Step 3Once you choose Add New Source, a new window will pop up allowing you to create the citation for the source. The first drop-down menu asks for the Type of Source. You can choose between Book, Book Section, Journal Article, Article in a Periodical, Conference Proceedings, or Report.Once you choose Add New Source, a new window will pop up allowing you to create the citation for the source. The first drop-down menu asks for the Type of Source.Step 4Since the example Im showing is a journal article, I chose that as the Type of Source. I then entered information rela ted to the source, including the Title, Journal Name, Year (of publication), Month (of publication), Pages (where the article can be found within the journal), and Volume number.Once you choose Create Source, you can then enter the Title, Journal Name, Year (of publication), Month (of publication), Pages (where the article can be found within the journal), and Volume number.Step 5After inputting the information for your source, click OK and the source will be saved to your project. Youll also see the in-text citation appear in your document at the point where you choose to Insert Citation. Microsoft Word will automatically generate the in-text citation in the correct format based on the citation style you chose when you added the new source.Microsoft Word will automatically generate the in-text citation in the correct format based on the citation style you choose when you added the new source.Step 6Continue to add each source to your working document as you write. When you have fini shed adding all of your sources, you will be able to create a Bibliography, References, or Works Cited list that is automatically generated for you in alphabetical order, and in the correctly formatted citation style youve chosen.Step 7To generate a Bibliography, References, or Works Cited page, simply click on the Bibliography button beneath the References main menu and youll be given a drop-down box showing the different choices that are available.Click on the Bibliography button beneath the References main menu and youll be given a drop-down box showing the different choices that are available.After choosing Bibliography, the following page was automatically generated by Microsoft Word. In a real-world case, I would have put in multiple sources, and each would be listed in alphabetical order once the Bibliography is generated.After choosing between Bibliography, References, and Works Cited, an alphabetized list of your sources used will be automatically generated by the program.

Challenging the power of the Commonwealth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1964 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Power Essay Did you like this example? Part A It is obvious, from the facts presented, that this question is primarily concerned with the implementation of the international convention in Australian domestic law, and the validity of the process of this implementation in accordance with section 51(xxix) of the Constitution, also known as the ‘external affairs power’. Before such a conclusion can be reached, it is firstly important to understand the limits and scope of this power and hence comprehend whether the Commonwealth has exceeded its legislative limits in ratifying such an international convention. The courts have taken the liberty, over the years, of setting certain restrictions on the ability to exercise this external affairs power, as well as defining its scope of application. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Challenging the power of the Commonwealth" essay for you Create order The term ‘external affairs’ in generally used instead of ‘foreign affairs’ in order to distinguish between the affairs of the United Kingdom and other countries, as the Australian judiciary has generally not regarded the UK as a foreign entity, given that the Australian constitution is essentially an act of the UK Parliament.[1] Thus, the courts have sought to further define the notion of external affairs in order to avoid this ambiguity. In the same case, Latham CJ expressed that this notion was not confined to the â€Å"preservation of friendly relations with other Dominions†, but also extended to relations with â€Å"all countries outside Australia†.[2] In attempting to further define this notion Gibbs CJ, in the case of Koorwata v Bjelke-Petersen, expressed: It has never been doubted that the words of s51(xxix) are wide enough to empower the Parliament, in some circumstances at least, to pass a law which carries into effect within Austra lia the provisions of an international agreement to which Australia is a party.[3] In the Koorwata case, Gibbs CJ also went on to refer to the case of Roche v Kronheimer (1921) 29 CLR 329, where Higgins J considered the constitutional validity of regulations made by the Commonwealth legislature to implement an international convention in relation to aerial navigation. The court held, in this case, that such an act by the Commonwealth was valid in a constitutional sense; however they held that the regulations themselves did not actually give effect to the international convention, hence overturned the legislation. This also followed the ratio decidendi of Evatt and McTiernan JJ in the case of R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry, where it was held: But it is a consequence of the closer connection between the nations of the world (which has been partly brought about by the modern revolutions in communication) and of the recognition by the nations of a common interest in many matters affe cting the social welfare of their peoples and of the necessity of co-operation among them in dealing with such matters, that it is no longer possible to assert that there is any subject matter which must necessarily be excluded from the list of possible subjects of international negotiation, international dispute or international agreement.[4] Furthermore: In truth, the Kings power to enter into international conventions cannot be limited in advance of the international situations which may from time to time arise. And in our view the fact of an international convention having been duly made about a subject brings that subject within the field of international relations so far as such subject is dealt with by the agreement.[5] And, finally they concluded: It would seem clear, therefore, that the legislative power of the Commonwealth over ‘external affairs’ certainly includes the power to execute within the Commonwealth treaties and conventions entered into w ith foreign powers.[6] Accordingly, based upon the persuasive authorities cited above, it is clear that the Commonwealth legislature has the power to implement international conventions to which Australia is a party. However, it has also been prescribed by the courts that such an action must make inroads in implementing such a convention, and must not attempt to push a government’s own agenda in relation to an international agreement.[7] In other words, the relevant implementing legislation must substantially implement the convention in its entirety; otherwise the court may be obliged to overturn the legislation. In regards to the legislation in question, it is clear that it does not make significant progress in implementing the aims of the international convention. It tends to omit key provisions from the relevant operative clauses of the convention, such as that in relation to the research body. The legislation does, however, make more definitions that are specific to the Australian context, such as the definition of key time slots for the banning of junk food, and the identification of means of reducing junk food consumption (such as the ban of sale to anyone under the age of 12). It is permitted to do this under the scope of the convention, as well as the relevant case law relating to the implementation of international conventions. The definition of junk food outlets in section 3 of the legislation appears to comply with the definitions in the international convention, and thus does not raise a problem of constitutionality. However, the convention does not specify that the Commonwealth should prescribe compulsory daily exercise programs, as has been implemented in section 17 of the Act. This, combined with the fact that the Act does not implement the research body prescribed in the convention, would illustrate that the Commonwealth is unable to rely on its external affairs power to implement this legislation. The relevant authorities do allow for the Commonwealth to ratify international agreements to which Australia is a party, provided that the legislation conforms somewhat to the convention to be implemented.[8] Clearly, the legislation does not conform enough to the international standard set by the convention, thus the Commonwealth cannot rely solely on section 51(xxix), and thus the legislation is constitutionally invalid based on this head of power. Part B Based on the precedents in Australian constitutional law, it would be difficult not to support the claim made by Dawson J. This is based on a number of factors, not the least of which relates to the manner that the High Court has interpreted the external affairs power, section 51(xxix). As a general rule, if the laws of Australia require a change in order to conform to the standards set by an international treaty or convention, then section 51(xxix) will support that change.[9] However, the High Court has also sought to place further restrictions on the re liability of this rule, in order to prevent the Commonwealth legislature from taking advantage of the external affairs power and hence possibly interfering with matters that would normally be left to the jurisdiction of the States. The High Court has said that, in order for section 51(xxix) to be relied on in regards to international treaties, the proposed Commonwealth law must seek to implement legislative regimes that the treaty itself has sought to prescribe for its signatory states,[10] and hence not seek to push its own legislative agenda. In the context of Dawson J’s statement, it is clear that while the subject-matter of an international agreement must be limited, the law that implements it must essentially conform to the strict standards of that international agreement.[11] In regards to the subject-matter of an international agreement, the High Court has addressed this issue on a number of occasions. The court has held previously that the limits of international a greements that the Commonwealth may ratify into law need not only be restricted to the areas where they have legislative competence.[12] Additionally, the High Court has also said that it may not also be limited to areas of international concern, or Commonwealth jurisdiction under international law.[13] Essentially, this elaboration by the High Court grants substantial discretionary power onto the Commonwealth in regards to international agreements, with the general rule being that entry into such an agreement represents the executive and the legislature claiming that the subject-matter of the agreement is of significant concern to the Australian jurisdiction, and hence the High Court will generally support this exercise of judgement.[14] Thus, it would appear that the High Court is willing to support an essentially unlimited discretion by the Commonwealth in relation to international agreements, as the court has prescribed that there are no practical limits to the subject-matter of international agreements. Previous examples of such support by the High Court include Commonwealth legislation ratifying international treaties in relation to: Enforcing basic minimum safety standards in Australia in relation to air navigation;[15] The control of territorial sea and the continental land shelf;[16] Acts of racial discrimination;[17] Protection of world heritage listed land;[18] and Protection of land pending a decision on its world heritage status.[19] These cases show that, where the States have challenged Commonwealth power in relation to reliance upon section 51(xxix) for implementation of international agreements, the challenges have generally failed, and the Commonwealth has received the support of the High Court. Therefore, at least in relation to international agreements, it would appear that the scope of application of the external affairs power of section 51(xxix) is somewhat unlimited, and the entering into of such an agreement by the Commonwealth represents an exercise of discretion which the High Court will generally support. Thus, it appears that Dawson J’s claims do have some merit, as the string of High Court authorities tend to support. Bibliography Books Blackshield, T, and Williams, G, Australian Constitutional Law and Theory: Commentary and Materials (2006, 4th ed), Sydney: Federation Press Joseph, S, and Castan, M, Federal Constitutional Law: A Contemporary View (2001), Sydney: Lawbook Co Legislation Air Navigation Act 1920 (Cth) Australian Constitution Lemonthyme and Southern Forests (Commission of Inquiry) Act 1987 (Cth) (repealed) Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 (Cth) World Heritage Properties Conservation Act 1983 (Cth) (repealed) Cases Airlines of New South Wales Pty Ltd v New South Wales (Airlines Case) (No 2) (1965) 113 CLR 54; [1965] ALR 984; (1965) 38 ALJR 388 Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dams Case) (1983) 158 CLR 1, 125-6; 46 ALR 625; 57 ALJR 450 Horta v Commonwealth (1994) 181 CLR 183, 195; 123 ALR 1; 68 ALJR 620; Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen (1982) 153 CLR 168; 39 ALR 417; 56 ALJR 625 New South Wales v Commonwealth (Seas and Submerged Lands Case) (1975) 135 CLR 337, 497; 8 ALR 1; 50 ALJR 218 Queensland v Commonwealth (1989) 167 CLR 232; 86 ALR 519 R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry (Aviation Case) (1936) 55 CLR 608; [1936] ALR 482; (1936) 10 ALJ 335 R v Sharkey (1949) 79 CLR 121; [1949] ALR 828 Richardson v Forestry Commission (1988) 164 CLR 261; 77 ALR 237; 62 ALJR 158 Roche v Kronheimer (1921) 29 CLR 329 Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416, 484; 138 ALR 129; 70 ALJR 680; 66 IR 392 Footnotes [1] R v Sharkey (1949) 79 CLR 121; [1949] ALR 828 (Latham CJ). [2] R v Sharkey (1949) 79 CLR 121; [1949] ALR 828 (Latham CJ). [3] (1982) 39 ALR 417, 431 (Gibbs CJ). [4] R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry (1936) 55 CLR 608, 680-1. [5] R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry (1936) 55 CLR 608, 681. [6] R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry (1936) 55 CLR 608, 687. [7] Roche v Kronheimer (1921) 29 CLR 329. [8] Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416. See also Koorwata v Bjelke-Petersen (1982) 39 ALR 417. [9] Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dams Case) (1983) 158 CLR 1; Richardson v Forestry Commission (1988) 164 CLR 261; Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416, 483 (Brennan CJ, Toohey, Gaudron, McHugh and Gummow JJ). [10] Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416, 486 (Brennan CJ, Toohey, Gaudron, McHugh and Gummow JJ). [11] Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416, 489 (Brennan CJ, Toohey, Gaudron, McHugh and Gummow JJ). [12] R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry (Aviation Case) (1936) 55 CLR 608, 640 (Latham CJ), 680 (Evatt and McTiernan JJ); [1936] ALR 482; (1936) 10 ALJ 335; Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416, 485; 138 ALR 129; 70 ALJR 680; 66 IR 392 (Brennan CJ, Toohey, Gaudron, McHugh and Gummow JJ). [13] Horta v Commonwealth (1994) 181 CLR 183, 195; 123 ALR 1; 68 ALJR 620; Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416, 484; 138 ALR 129; 70 ALJR 680; 66 IR 392 (Brennan CJ, Toohey, Gaudron, McHugh and Gummow JJ). [14] Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dams Case) (1983) 158 CLR 1, 125-6; 46 ALR 625; 57 ALJR 450 (Mason J). [15] Airlines of New South Wales Pty Ltd v New South Wales (Airlines Case) (No 2) (1965) 113 CLR 54; [1965] ALR 984; (1965) 38 ALJR 388 in regards to the Air Navigation Act 1920 (Cth). [16] New South Wales v Commonwealth (Seas and Submerged Lands Case) (1975) 135 CLR 337, 497; 8 ALR 1; 50 ALJR 218 (Mason J) in relation to the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 (Cth). [17] Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen (1982) 153 CLR 168 ; 39 ALR 417; 56 ALJR 625 regarding the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth). [18] Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dams Case) (1983) 158 CLR 1; 46 ALR 625; 57 ALJR 450; Queensland v Commonwealth (1989) 167 CLR 232; 86 ALR 519 regarding the World Heritage Properties Conservation Act 1983 (Cth) (repealed). [19] Richardson v Forestry Commission (1988) 164 CLR 261; 77 ALR 237; 62 ALJR 158 regarding the Lemonthyme and Southern Forests (Commission of Inquiry) Act 1987 (Cth) (repealed).

A Research On The Homeless Population - 942 Words

1. In your text on pages 208-209, the author discusses his research on the homeless population. He refers to the many routes one can take to become homeless. Choose two populations from his list that you think might work in your career as a human service professional. Describe two possible interventions or tasks that you might be involved with in working with each population. What are some of the general skills a human services professional might need to work with these populations? There are many types of homelessness in our society and our community. They become homeless for different reasons; it could be intentional or uncontrolled. The two that stick out the most for my community are the push outs and the new poor. The push outs are people who are kicked out by their parents, commonly teenagers; or families and adults who are evicted from landlords. The new poor are when people become unemployed due to work skills are out-of-date because of technological changes. Some skills that are needed to help each one of these groups is to meet their current needs. As addressing the needs of the homeless it is important to focus on prevention, as well as, remediation of their problem (â€Å"What is human service,† 2011). As human service professionals should listen to their clients. When a client is speaking the clinician should pay attention, provide support, empathy, assessing, and goal setting. 2. For each of the types of homelessness listed above, identify/analyze specificShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Self Awareness Amongst the Vulnerable Populations in United States1360 Words   |  5 Pageskey to understanding how these biases affect the delivery of health care to individuals, families, and populations. 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Project Management and Key Leadership †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Management and Key Leadership. Answer: Key leadership challenges Poor coordination There were two teams of developers working separately. One specialized in developing hardware while the other was concerned in software development. These two groups were not well planned to maintain required coordination. There was a situation that posed a problem when Hardware engineers managed to come up with a phone design and working prototype but there was no functioning software to run the models. This was as a result of lack of measures to coordinate control process that needed to govern production. Poor risk management Risk management of this project was not considered worth analyzing. Apple tried to enter into contract with other stakeholders without considering how to manage arising risk. This was seen as a major blow as some of targeted stakeholders like Verizon withdrew after seeing the project as a big joke. This left the project at the mercies of further consideration by Cingular. Cingular however came to its rescue eventually. Inadequate Resources. The project faced limited resources in terms of finances, equipment and skills. With the uncertainty surrounding the project about what to expect, it was hard for apple to secure a willing financier. Since its viability was hard to gauge and given the confidentiality with which it was carried out, potential financiers were scared away. The company was also determined to be in total control of design, manufacturing and marketing of the phone. It also suffered Lack of equipment to test the phone, signal strength, antennae radiations etc. This posed a great challenge to management of this project. The available and newly purchased equipment required skilled personnel, who were not readily available in the initial stages of the project. This slowed down the speed of project. Undefined goals. By the time Project Purple was kicking off, the main and specific objectives of the project were not clearly defined. It was not clear who the main stakeholders were to be, if to engage a network carrier company or not and what chronology of events to expect. The project was characterized with ambiguous plans that did not give definite or clear results. This ambiguity in how the display of the phone should look like forced the project to be closed for some time (Zdziarski, 2008). Inadequate skills At the beginning of the project, the project did not have skills needed to develop a phone. Apple was a computer making company before the commencement of this project. Its workers who were, in the first stages, adopted to undertake the project had little or no phone manufacture experience. It was hard to optimize processes as the project did not have phone engineers. Phones wireless capabilities were weak and the option of hiring specialists was unavoidable. Lack of accountability Cingular top management was reluctant to enter into a contract without seeing the product because they could neither agree to be held accountable nor take responsibility in case of loss. Also they were not in terms with the fact that this potential partner could claim a fraction of their own profit as the contract suggested. Lack of cooperation by other telecommunication stakeholders Wireless carriers wanted control over phones. They wanted to control how much they would cost and what features would be available in them, something that Stephen Jobs objected. Carriers viewed phones as gadgets whose purpose to snare their subscribers into using the carriers services. They would not cooperate if not given control over this. This was the reason that the little and scattered moments of attention they would give to purple project were mostly futile. Deadlines Strict deadlines posed a big challenge to this project. It was hard to meet deadlines as there were always unforeseen circumstances that kept on arising. One event was connected to another and time was an essential factor. For example phone model presentation was stricken hard by a strict deadline. IPhone development had been planned to be the centerpiece of apples annual event known as Macworld convention in only a few months. Much was still undone. Yet it needed to be ready because it was considered a big announcement and customers awaited this announcement. Furthermore a new version of apples operating system which by then was known as leopard had been announced to be delayed (Murtazin and Eldar, 2010). Key performance indicators for the project Timeline Cycle time this is time needed to complete a given task during the project cycle. This for example could be taken as measure of time taken to come up with touch screen display that the iphone would use input and output means. On-time completion percentage. This shows whether a task was able to be completed before deadline or not. This performance indicator was used to test performance of the project by determining if a component could be produced on or before deadline. The model that was to be unveiled during Macworld convention was a good measure of performance. Time spent. The amount of time taken collectively by all members to complete whole project. For purple project it ran from 2004 to 2007. Number of adjustment of to the schedule. Numbers of times a team makes adjustment to completion date. Several adjustments schedule were done during life cycle of the project. This suggested that the project was not performing very well. Budget Budget variance: variance of the actual budget of a projected. High variance would indicate the project is not doing well while small variance would mean that the project was doing quite good. However this as an indicator of performance would not be so effective given that most of the things were not budgeted for. Cingular accepted to finance advertisements and enter into contract with apple way long after commencement of the purple project. Quality Customer/stakeholders satisfaction. Whether a customer/stakeholder is satisfied is a key measure of project performance. Most stakeholders were dissatisfied and they could not agree to be part of purple project. Even Cingular only came to accept the terms of contract out of will not satisfaction. Internal customers (staff) satisfaction was the ultimate performance indicator. Number of errors. How often things are to be redone to reach perfection or to produce desired results. The less the number of errors, the higher the project is performing. Errors in purple project were a common occurrence. Battery could stop, the phone dropped calls and stopped charging before it was full. Number of errors in the demos compared to breakthroughs were taken to measure forward progress rate (Takeuchi Kennelly, 2010). Stakeholders in this project were: ATT This is multinational telecommunication company providing a wireless internet. Apple allowed ATT to carry the iphone thought it reserved the rights to update software. ATT was initially targeted by iphone as the main carrier stakeholder. Cingular This is a carrier giant company whose interaction with apple ensured survival of the purple project. Stan Sigman was the apples contact person in Cingular. He had trust in apple creating a product to amaze the public. Supported apple and purple project until the birth of iphone. Apple Management Apple management was a key stakeholder in the Project Purple. When Steve Jobs came up with idea of a phone of its kind that would integrate web browsing, music player and phone, he knew the first stakeholder needed to be Apple. Apple staff The staff was critical in this project as their ideas and workforce ensured sustainability and eventually the viability of project purple How the challenges were tackled Skills More skilled people were hired. About two hundred mobile phone engineers were deployed. Other apple competent members of staff were involved in the purple project. Specialists involved in development of mac OS Leopard were transferred to this phone project. This decision made by Steve Jobs (Ali, 2010). Time and deadline challenge To manage time in order to beat deadlines one of the measures taken was paralleling tasks. Theproject management team was able to come up with two developments team that worked simultaneously. One team specialized in making software like operating system while the other team developed phone hardware. Speed of the project towards accomplishment was gained by hiring additional workforce. Phone engineers came with relevant skills and therefore less time was required to accomplish certain tasks. Resources An agreement was reached with Cingular, a carrier company, to invest certain amount of money into marketing and advertising of the product in the wait. This was made possible by proving that the phone under development would become very popular for mobile browsing and emailing. At the same time Cingular was already expanding its out of call services coverage to increase data services. It became clear to the company that it would need to secure an opportunity to have a share in the wake of data oriented devices. Necessary equipment were bought where possible, skilled human workforce addition to already existing apple staffs help to curb the challenge (De Stefani, 2015). Coordination All the development processes were harmonized so as to achieve a collective goal in effective and timely manner. Operating system developers worked in good coordination with hardware developers so as to solve challenges progressively from design stages to development stages and to production stage. Risk management This challenge was addressed by having an external company funding for some advertisement and promotion campaigns thereby putting less resources under risk. It also involved making an agreement between Cingular and Apple that helped the management to share the risk with telecommunication counterpart. Stakeholder management ATT To manage this stakeholder, it took time of active and secret meetings to negotiate terms with the wireless division of this telecommunication giant. To come up with a good idea to convince one of the largest players in telecommunication industry to be the iPhones carrier required critical management decisions. Several meetings were planned to strike a deal. Steve Jobs could meet with Stan Sigman, the wireless company boss to show iPhones powerful web browser brilliant screen and its good user interface. Much care was deemed necessary in order to avoid compromise of the project. Cingular Managing this stakeholder was not easy. To convince, Apple management made clear to them that they would share their ideas with the company provided they gave the flexibility and control Apple wanted. Persuading executives and board members to approve the deal was a challenge as it simply meant that Cingular would risk its valued network control. Managing customers Apple customers were eager and anticipating throughout the project and they expected constant updates on every major development in the company. Project Purple was a secret program and Steve Jobs kept on publicly denying claims about Apple involvement in mobile phone making business. However, this could not remain unknown for long. To manage the customers and keep the situation under control amid increasing speculations of companys involvement in phone making, Jobs used Macworld event to launch apples product (Carillo, et al, 2010). Managing the staff Staff management was very critical as the project life depended on it. The leadership in this project demonstrated the importance of every staff by making it clear that their opinions matter. When the idea of using a touch input display in a phone, he asked the staff what they thought about it and gave them freedom to challenge the idea. Jobs made it clear to his engineers that they were responsible for full running of the project as other stakeholders could fail to comply. He encouraged the staff to value the project as their own. There were various leadership styles used in Project Purple in the first generation of IPhone. These are: Charismatic leadership style. This style was clearly enhanced by Steve job who had charisma to make people believe and change their view on operator games. Searching for opportunities to develop, he was able to explain and convince target partners that Apple had the ability to come up with a superior phone that would enhance high levels of competition in the market. Though he was not able to convince Cingular management, they did not say no and resulted to appointing Stan Stigma to work on the operator side of Apple. Visionary leadership style. Steve Job was a visionary leader and though the project was set to start without a carrier support, he was convinced that he would have his first phone in the market after the meeting on February 2005. He shared his vision with his technical team and they started off with a need to establish touchsensitive screen. It all started as a vision of having a glass display of multi-touch display that one can type on (Steinwart Ziegler, 2014). Facilitative and team leadership style. Steve divided the developers in to two groups with their respective roles as a way of enhancing speed and also maintaining confidentiality. According to Steve, the most important thing was the outcome of the developers activities. Would they deliver according to the set expectations or not, and also if the developers had an idea of what they were developing as a team as the project was highly confidential. Communication strategies used during Project purple. The main mode of communication strategy used in Project Purple is verbal communication. In both oral and in written form, relevant development information about the project is enhanced. Steve Jobs, tries to convince the target future partners by word of mouth and as a result Stan Sigma is appointed by Cingular management also verbally with no evidence of written materials involved. Oral verbal communication is also used on Cingular management to enable secure operator support as Steve organized a secret meeting. Facilitation of engineer developers in the two teams is done verbally as Steve ensures confidentiality and improved speed on project development. Written verbal communication strategy is seen where the companies sign a contract to investing certain amount of money to product marketing and advertising to help gain rights on it for 5 exclusive years. Competences required to tackle the experienced leadership challenges during project development (Fernandes, Khoo, 2011). Managing change Solving problems and making decisions Taking necessary risks Enhancing skills and knowledge Understanding and navigating the organization Setting vision and strategies Communicating effectively Managing teams Building and maintaining relationships Demonstrating ethics and integrity References Ali, M. (2010). Advanced iOS 4 Programming: Developing Mobile Applications for Apple iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. John Wiley Sons. Carillo, E., Kadobayashi, R., Chikama, M., Shimojo, S., Rodriguez-Echavarria, K., Arnold, D. (2010, October). Making history alive and interactive: designing an iPhone app to present the summer war of Osaka Byobu. In Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM), 2010 16th International Conference on (pp. 365-368). IEEE. De Stefani, S. (2015). Why did Apple change its strategy? The case of the iPhone: adoption of a new technology and trade-in programs in the context ofproject management innovation (Bachelor's thesis, Universit Ca'Foscari Venezia). Fernandes, C., Ng, K. Y., Khoo, B. H. (2011, November). Development of a convenient wireless control of an autonomous vehicle using apple iOS SDK. In TENCON 2011-2011 IEEE Region 10 Conference (pp. 1025-1029). IEEE. Murtazin, Eldar (June 20, 2010). "Apple's Phone: From 1980s' Sketches to iPhone. Part 3". Mobile review. Retrieved March 27, 2011. Steinwart, M. C., Ziegler, J. A. (2014). Remembering Apple CEO Steve Jobs as a" Transformational Leader": Implications for Pedagogy. Journal of Leadership Education, 13(2). Takeuchi, K., Kennelly, P. J. (2010). Creating mapping applications for the iPhone. Cartographic Perspectives, (66), 71-84. Zdziarski, J. (2008). iPhone Open Application Development: Write Native Objective-C Applications for the iPhone. " O'Reilly Media, Inc." https://mobile-review.com/articles/2010/iphone-history3-en.shtml "Apple unveils the iPhone 4S at event at Cupertino". Australian IT. October 5, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2011.

Invictus Essays - William Ernest Henley, Invictus, British Poetry

Invictus Invictus' is a short poem by William Ernest Henley. This is one of my favorite poems and it tells a story of how to obtain glory and to motivate one's self to achieve a certain goal. The use of literary devices can be seen in this poem. Henley's use of imagery enables readers to create a good image about what the speaker is trying to say. A decent case to demonstrate symbolism originates from the line that says, "My head is bloody, but unbowed". In spite of the fact that this gives a literal statement, it displays a more profound significance for readers to unravel. In like manner, the lyric additionally uses hyperboles, for example, metaphors and personification. It is made out of 16 lines and separated into four stanzas. In like manner, it stays to be lyrical poem and holds fast to a rhyme plan of abab-cdcd-efef-ghgh. A standout amongst the most vital topics appeared by the lyric to readers is the idea of motivation. Seemingly, Henley tries to give readers the chance to never su rrender and discover approaches to defeat the difficulties of life. The particular lines in every stanza endeavor to depict the slant of the speaker to hold on and proceed with a head high. For example, the line that Henley says, "And yet the menace of the years, Finds and shall find me unafraid" gives a decent point of view with reference to how far the speaker can go keeping in mind the end goal to battle the difficulties of his life. Having the correct mentality encompassing things obviously fills in as the motivation for the speaker to trust that one can seek after and accomplish whatever they need in life It is just by getting to be plainly solid willed can individuals discover approaches to conquer their feelings of dread and vulnerabilities. Another noteworthy subject that readers can pick up from reading the poem corresponds to man's capability to control his own fate. This implies whatever the result of the circumstance, individuals ought to be in charge of these and acknow ledge the outcome whatever happens. That is the reason it is basic that one takes control of things and endeavor to survive the costs of these choices. In the line from Henley that says I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul" provides the necessary adage that people should seek to emulate and follow. Given the writer's capacity to use artistic literary elements, it has presented approaches to interface the lyric to subjects related to motivation and the need of man to gain control of his own destiny. All these say to be significant reasons in the matter of why the poem keeps on being important until the point that today as it touches the universal values of resilience and readiness of man to conquer any obstacles and difficulties.

7 Surprisingly Ghostwritten Books

7 Surprisingly Ghostwritten Books 7 Books You Never Knew Were Ghostwritten Ghostwriters. You might read ‘em, but you don’t see ‘em - and you often don’t even know that they’re right there.So just who are these shadowy figures lurking beyond our reach? Sure, we know that they’re authors who are paid to write under someone else’s name. But that’s often not enough to satisfy our curiosities. In this post, we're pulling back the curtain to take a closer look at seven surprising ghostwritten books. Pop quiz: who ghostwrote The Babysitter's Club? Find out the answer (and more) in this post! 1. Peter Lerangis - The Babysitter’s ClubWhat is Ghostwriting? All Your Questions Answered Read post Transparency Meter: 👠»Ã°Å¸â€˜ »Ã°Å¸â€˜ »Ã°Å¸â€˜ » Fully transparent. Peter Lerangis is known by name in the The Babysitter’s Club fandom, who hold polls over his writing for the series to this day.2. H.P. Lovecraft - Harry HoudiniSure, Harry Houdini could catch a bullet with his teeth and escape a water torture cell in two minutes. But could he write? Well†¦ not really. That’s how another master of his craft, H.P. Lovecraft, ended up becoming Houdini’s ghostwriter in 1924. Specifically, Lovecraft was commissioned to write a short story titled â€Å"Imprisoned with the Pharaohs†: a fictionalized tale in which Houdini is blindfolded by a tour guide in Egypt, pitched into a burial shaft in the desert, and accosted by a five-headed monster that’s as big as a â€Å"good-sized hippopotamus.†The story was published (appropriately) in a magazine called Weird Tales. Here’s a fun fact: â€Å"Imprisoned with the Pharaohs† is n ow in the public domain and you can read it right over here.Transparency Meter: 👠»Ã°Å¸â€˜ » Partly transparent. Though Lovecraft was never unveiled as the ghostwriter while Houdini was alive, it’s common knowledge now that he wrote Imprisoned with the Pharaohs.3. K.A. Applegate - AnimorphsOut of all the alarming creatures the Animorphs faced (and there were many), ghosts were not one of them. But that’s because ghostwriters and the Animorphs were on the same side all along. While K.A. Applegate did write the first 24 books of this popular YA series, she ended up only outlining most of the next 27 books in the series. A group of ghostwriters did the actual writing for those books.As the AV Club points out, Applegate is one of the only authors to publicly acknowledge and discuss the ghostwriting that went into the series. In that 2011 Reddit AMA (Ask Me Anything), she admitted that she’s one to â€Å"get† ghostwriters: she once ghostwrote for Sweet Valley High herself back in the day.Transparency Meter: 👠»Ã°Å¸â€˜ »Ã°Å¸â€˜ »Ã°Å¸â€˜ » Fully transparent. Applegate has been entirely upfront about her use of ghostwriters - and the ghostwriter is acknowledged on the boilerplate page. What are 7 of the most famous ghostwritten books in history? 4. Robert Ludlum - Jason BourneLet it be known that only two entities in the world don’t fear death: Neil deGrasse Tyson and ghostwriters. Take the curious case of Robert Ludlum, for instance. He died in 2001 - but kept churning out bestselling Jason Bourne books until 2017. Contrary to popular belief, that’s not due to Ludlum’s spirit dictating from above, but rather Eric Van Lustbader ghosting on the ground.As for Ludlum’s other unfinished works, they’re also being published and circulated - though no-one knows exactly who those ghostwriters behind them are. All it says on the copyright page is a simple statement: Since his death, the Estate of Robert Ludlum has worked with a carefully selected author and editor to prepare and edit this work for publication. Can we get a â€Å"Boo†?Transparency Meter: 👠»Ã°Å¸â€˜ » Partly transparent. Some (but not all) of Ludlum’s works have been publicly ghosted.5. Alexandre Dumas - The Co unt of Monte CristoAlexandre Dumas: the infamous French nobleman, romantic paramour, one of the most popular novelists of the nineteenth century, and... fraud? Well, not exactly. But there’s a ghost of a chance that the man who gave us The Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers definitely didn’t do it alone. In fact, Dumas wrote them with Auguste Maquet, a quiet man who remained uncredited on most of them.After a dispute over bylines and money, Dumas and Maquet went their separate ways - Maquet dying in obscurity 37 years afterward. Dumas got the fame, but it’s on Maquet’s tombstone in Paris' Pà ¨re-Lachaise cemetery that these words are etched: The Three Musketeers, the Count of Monte Cristo, and La Reine Margot.Transparency Meter: 👠» Not transparent. Even now, Maquet isn’t known for the books that he wrote with Alexandre Dumas.6. R.L. Stine - GoosebumpsAs is befitting of any proper Goosebumps book, there’s plenty of myste ry surrounding R.L. Stine and the ghostwriters that might or might not exist. Stine denies using ghosts for any of the 160 Goosebumps books that were published. That said, Scholastic claims that Stine quietly employed freelancers to write the bulk of the series, when Goosebumps really started to take off and the job became too much for one man.Whatever the truth might be, it is an undeniable fact that by 1993, two Goosebumps books were being published - per month. That’s a rate so good that you might even say that it’s†¦ eerie.Transparency Meter: 👠» Not transparent. To this day, no-one knows who Stine’s ghostwriters are... or if they even ever existed. Goosebumps (by R.L. Stine) was actually ghostwritten. True or false? 7. Alice Leonhardt - Nancy DrewIn this episode of â€Å"Whodunit?†, we’re asking, â€Å"Who wrote the famous Nancy Drew series?† The most obvious answer might be Carolyn Keene, of course - the author whose name is stamped upon the cover of every Nancy Drew book. Here’s the plot twist: Carolyn Keene is actually multiple ghostwriters. This is called â€Å"book packaging,† a practice in the publishing world where a number of ghostwriters are contracted to write books packaging in a series based on a â€Å"bible† of characters, voice, and setting.Alice Leonhardt was only one such ghostwriter for Nancy Drew. Though she’s since stopped ghostwriting, Nancy Drew continues to persist. Simon Schuster recently said that kids still send â€Å"Carolyn Keene† fan letters to this day.Transparency Meter: 👠»Ã°Å¸â€˜ » Partly transparent. Though Simon Schuster keep up the guise of â€Å"Carolyn Keene,† it’s generally known that it’s ghostwriters who continue to keep this 88-year old series alive.If you perused this list of ghostwritten books and found yourself envious of all these great ghostwriters that were readily at disposal, don’t worry. Find out how to hire a ghostwriter in ten steps or locate a qualified ghostwriter on our marketplace today. Also, take an in-depth look at what is ghostwriting. It might just lift your spirits.Have you read any of these ghostwritten books? Or have you had any luck finding a ghostwriter for yourself? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!

How to Read a Meniscus in Lab Measurements

How to Read a Meniscus in Lab Measurements The meniscus is the curve seen at the top of a liquid in response to its container. The meniscus can be either concave or convex, depending on the surface tension of the liquid and adhesion to the wall of the container. A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid are more strongly attracted to the container than to each other. The liquid appears to stick to the edge of the container. Most liquids, including water, present a concave meniscus. A convex meniscus (sometimes called a backwards meniscus) is produced when the molecules of the liquid are more strongly attracted to each other than to the container. A good example of this shape of meniscus may be seen with mercury in a glass container. In some cases, the meniscus appears flat (e.g., water in some plastics). This makes taking measurements easy! How to Take Measurements With a Meniscus When you read a scale on the side of a container with a meniscus, such as a graduated cylinder or volumetric flask, its important that the measurement accounts for the meniscus. Measure so that the line you are reading is even with the center of the meniscus. For water and most liquids, this is the bottom of the meniscus. For mercury, take the measurement from the top of the meniscus. In either case, you are measuring based on the center of the meniscus. For a flat meniscus, make sure the liquid is level. Usually placing the container on a lab bench does the trick. You wont be able to take an accurate reading looking up at the liquid level or down into it. Get eye-level with the meniscus. You can either pick up the glassware to bring it up to your level or else bend down to take measurements in situations where youre concerned with dropping the container or spilling its contents. Use the same method to take measurements each time so that any errors you make will be consistent. Fun Fact: The word meniscus comes from the Greek word for crescent. This makes good sense, considering the shape of a meniscus. In case youre wondering, the plural of meniscus is menisci!

Nursing scholarly articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing scholarly articles - Essay Example The article has provided educational interventions that may trim down burnout among nurses working in secure settings through the use of a systematic review. Some of the proposed methods of reducing burnout include the use of clinical supervision and PSI training (Stewart & Terry, 2014). This is because of the uniqueness in style, philosophy and objective of the techniques. Clinical supervision is crucial because it is based on interpersonal relationships and reflective dialogue while PSI training is more of a formal educational intervention that increases participants’ knowledge of serious mental challenges. Stewart and Terry (2014) argue that there are only two areas of focus when it comes to educational intervention. These two areas of focus are reflective learning which is central to clinical supervision and enhancement of professional development and the other area is improvement of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that promote understanding of various patient factors. According to Stewart and Terry (2014), reflective learning can help in analysing challenging encounters and develop good management plans apart from promoting emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence may help in regulating nurses’ moods as well as enhancing job performance, decision making skills and promotes resilience. Increased knowledge is also believed to promote understanding and improves attitude and empathy which have strong therapeutic effect on service users’ mental and social

Public policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public policy - Essay Example have been important issues that were addressed by American government in response to massive public outcry. The public policy undergoes several stages before it is established and enacted by the government through proper laws. They are: agenda building; formulation and adoption of agenda; implementation; evaluation and termination. The first step to the development of public policy is to set agenda by identifying the problem that influences the lives of people. In recent times, the outsourcing of jobs to foreign agencies was a major issue in America as it had serious implications on the employment of the people which had gone down drastically. The issues are identified when it is raised by various interest groups who represent people who are affected by them. The citizen associations, business bodies and voluntary agencies often start the movement at local and state levels and thereby generate greater support nationally. These interest groups have not only the support of the public but also of eminent people like politician, social worker, Congress members etc. which lends credibility to the issue. Paul Sabatier (2007) says that advocacy coalition framework for policies in different areas of public interests are very strong tools for enacting public policies. They take into considerations the interests of wide range of stakeholders whose lives are impacted by the problems. The coalition comprises of people from different areas media; interest groups; local and state council, researchers and analysts etc. Their feedbacks and opinions become critical part of government mechanism to develop proper agenda for the issue so that it can be taken up by the Congress for discussion. Formulation and adoption of agenda module takes place after the issue is researched and analyzed. The policy formation goes to Congress as a bill rules are drafted. When the draft is adopted, Congress passes the legislation to make

Preventing Teenage Smoking Essay example -- essays research papers

Today, there has been an increase in the amount of teenagers who smoke half a pack a day of cigarettes. The number of seniors in high school who have tried cigarettes has decreased over the years, but the number of those who smoke occasionally or half a pack or more a day, has increased. There are many factors as to why teenagers smoke including advertising and teen behavior. There are also a few ways we can stop teenagers from wanting to smoke. Therefore, we need to make teens aware that smoking is not good for you and it is not cool and we need to figure out why teens think it is cool. We need to find out why teens smoke and how we can make the stop and how we can prevent new teens from starting to smoke. Advertising and marketing of cigarettes are a big factor as to why teenagers smoke. There are promotions for different brands like Joe Camal and Marlboro Man. They’re some of the biggest marketing campaigns on T.V. Both companies have giveaways like T-shirts in return for coupons accumulated by buying their brand of cigarettes. Different cigarette companies make the...

A study of existing disciplines in an organization Essay

There exists a situation that is a bit difficult to understand that is usually faced by information system management professionals. Since they are always specialized in the areas their clients seek professional advice, it becomes difficult for them to design prescriptions unlike some other professionals like doctors. Another major reason for difficulties experienced is that professionals fail to distinguish the actual needs of users from their wishes and desires. Therefore these professionals have to get prepared such that they create confidence in users in relationship to their capabilities. There is high need that there is achieved success during the period of investigating information needs. And therefore the person assigned the duties of a system identifier must be acceptable at all levels of users. They are also required to have credibility. An information system identifier has to adopt a procedural guideline for identification of needs. (Malcolm Pettu. Information resources management, 1989, Blackwell NCC) A study of existing disciplines in an organization. It is the duty of information needs identifier to find out the various departments in an organization and establish a relationship with the users. He is eligible to identify the major supporting areas within an organization’s handbook will be the output of this study that will offer guidance to further works of identifying the information needs. (E. Joel Ross. management by information system, 1970, Prentice hall. ) A study of the organization and its environment. After this exercise the identifier should be able to prepare a profile for the organization. He should be able to identify of what type the organization is in order to identify the different forms of management system and decision making processes that pose a bearing on the information needs. There is also need to analyze the environment in which the organization works. A study of the environment of the user. It is vital to identify in an orderly manner, the category of users and their respective information needs. The work of the identifier is to get a wide study of the users department before engaging in any interviews with the users. This helps him/her easily identify the needs. Several sources that need to be studied in the users department include; annual reports on the departments and their respective functions, Minutes of meetings, project reports, progress reports, and investigative reports est. It is necessary that the information identifier fully acquaints him/her of the full working of the department. This will make him fully understand the situations in which the user operates in. True needs however are identified from wide understanding of the user since they tend to place their wants and needs in fragments. Users are individuals, so the identifier should try as much as possible to address holistically perceive these needs. A user however might be playing a different role in an organization. An example is a wide variety of roles assumed by managers. It may include being. †¢ A disseminator spokesman †¢ A team leader †¢ A liaison †¢ A controller †¢ A decision maker. Resource allocator Broadly a user may form a node that pertains the following three different perspective of information flow in an organization: Communicating in a bird’s eye view perspective: †¢ Includes giving job instructions and directives to specific tasks. †¢ The basis information of the job information designated for production of good understanding of relative tasks in an organization. †¢ Organizational practices and procedures providing timely feedbacks about performance to the subordinate. †¢ Communicating upwardly: †¢ People will talk about; †¢ Their problems and their performance. †¢ Their organizational policies and practices. †¢ Others and their problems. †¢ The needs to be done. Communicating in a horizontal manner with colleagues in the same level of hierarchy. A user may interact with: his culture which sets for him policies and other influences and attitude, formal organizations such as employing organization invisible colleges, gate keepers etc, his work team which is a distinguished subsystem in an organization because of interpersonal characteristics. Users caught up in complex situations need to be studied from two different perspectives: Including direct methods which include Direct methods of user study include: A close observation of the users during discussions with their colleagues. Engagement in a dialogue with the user when offering information services to them performing a detailed survey by use of questionnaires. Visiting the various departments where the users work and observing them. Some of the indirect methods are listed below: †¢ Studying the events maintained by users which are included in diaries. †¢ Having a thorough analysis of the reference queries received from users. †¢ Analyzing responses from users after rendering services to them. †¢ Taking users designs and analyzing them. †¢ Studying the user’s job description. †¢ Taking the publications of users and studying them. †¢ Studying the documents used by users. †¢ Scanning reports and correspondences received and prepared by users. An advantage of the direct observation is that there is personal contact of the identifier with the users. This provides an excellent opportunity for observation of users in their normal environment. A downfall of the method of direct observation is that there is overdependence on the observers’ capability. It is necessary to note that there may result incidence of subjective element of the observer as a result of the observations made. The records of users’ are adequate in providing a reliable indication of the users subjects of interest. It is them subjected to extrapolation to a dynamic changing situation. Since users are developing human beings, and work in a system that is also subjected to constant change, it calls for keen study of the users. Some of the few methods of studying users are as below: Studying the work diary of users; In an organization users are always encouraged to maintain work related diaries. Recorded in the diary includes critical events and incidents, filed license applications, comments in regards to how improvement could be achieved in an organization, meetings and discussions held and their solutions etc. the consultants/ consultancy organizations preferred To some organizations it is a must for its employees to keep and maintain such diaries. It is also necessary for them to record the events in their order of occurrence such that it may act as a vital source of information to address the specific needs of the users. Sometimes it may give information about who associates with them both inside and outside the organization. Surveying the information sources used The objective here is to bring frequency and relevance of the different types of sources, their availability and accessibility and the different priorities assigned to them. There is emphasis on keeping records for respective departments. Formal interview The information need identifier after carefully analyzing the above steps should be able to design questions, set up the clarifications to be made and similar points for discussion with the users. He is to design this depending on the user’s environment, category, and specific roles he plays in performing his responsibilities among other things. An information need identifier has to design a specific document for each user before carrying out a formal interview. The document should have. Available sources and services that are not in use Required types of information and services. Present sources of information and services in the organization. A draft estimate of needs anticipated by users. The intention of the gathered information is of a greater bearing on the real information required. And therefore the information need identifier is supposed to find out by appropriate questioning the following aspects: What information is needed, in what form, for what need, when needed and to perform which role. In what digestible form, table, original document, and executive summary etc. In what media print visual presentation or audio? The kind of information facts, is it technical detailed, opinions? To what coverage extent, is it exhaustive or selective? The identifier should be able to identify favorable products of information services to the users to enable them extensively express their needs. He/she should have the capability of identifying true needs. In relation to specific functions the user should identify specific functions related to the value needs. A need has values attached to act as determinants of priorities to be assigned. For satisfaction of the need, its information cost could be correlated to its consequences Also it maybe a necessity to attend meetings in areas under areas where the functions and responsibilities of users are addressed. Occasionally it is good to invite users for group discussions to shade light on future changes and even the changes that are taking place. This ensures free exchange of ideas within a system and therefore is preferred that there is an arrangement to having appointments with the users at those times they are free from important work. When conducting interviews it is important to ensure efficiency by: providing several examples with relevant information services and aided in how he can meet his information needs. The examples should be relevant in the sense that they must be from the subject field of the user. It includes using the following criteria; By presenting the actual problems that are likely to be faced by users in their daily activities. Providing appropriate communication language that can be easily understood by users so that they will express their needs unambiguously. Help the users pinpoint his subjects precisely by using the subject profile of the organization that has been prepared by the information need identifier. Illustration of a few services that the user has already contemplated and seeking their own ideas as to which services they prefer. A show off of the different information so as to gather more sources and identify new users. Acquainting the users of present communication channels used in the organization. Refining the information needs It is an important idea of an information need identifier to periodically invite small groups of persons of the same composition e. g. all technicians for discussions. End users are also members of the information system therefore they should be asked to mention their current activities and whatever problems they are facing. They should be able to talk about the information interests of their likes. They should talk of how the current system may be improved to match their respective information needs. It may occur that if the discussion is properly done then some details from the survey could be combined. This will help in updating and modification of information needs that are of best use to the members and end users Conclusion To identify a thing is one thing and to satisfy it is another. It is my hope that the above study will be easily translated into practice. It implies that identification of information needs in this way will render the best services that will be able to satisfy the users’ needs. In the end the, users will be able to have a better outlook of the company. The creation of an information and communication technology within an organization will not only be an effective tool for communication but also ensures that an organization realizes higher productivity with low input costs. If a company is undergoing re-engineering process then it may need to employ a systems manager to work with the changed management. It calls for a well picture of the constraints and capabilities of technology. (P. R Sundarray, Joseph Sams. Implementation management of an E-commerce enabled enterprise information, 2002. ) .

Overpopulation Is An Unwanted Situation - 983 Words

Overpopulation is undoubtedly an unwanted situation wherein the amount of present population surpasses the holding limit of World. Overpopulation is simply instigated through various aspects. Decreased fatality rate, improved healthcare amenities, exhaustion of valuable sources tend to be couple of the leads to overpopulation. Possibly for any sparsely inhabited location to turn into heavily inhabited when not competent to maintain life. Rising developments in technological innovation each and every upcoming year has afflicted the human race in several ways. One such continues to be the chance to conserve lives and build stronger medical attention for everyone. Due to it has improved life expectancy and also the increase of the human population. In past 50 possibly years, the expansion of human population has grown and has now become overpopulation. Within the past of our species, the childbirth and death rate have invariably been in the position to stabilize equally and keep a populace rate of growth that is maintainable. Reasons for Overpopulation Reduction of the Fatality Rate: At the bottom of overpopulation will be the contrast between the entire birth rate as well as fatality rate in communities. When the quantity of infants given birth to annually equates to the quantity of older people which pass away, subsequent the human population is going to balance. Speaking about overpopulation implies that despite the fact that there are numerous aspects that may boost theShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation872 Words   |  4 PagesHuman overpopulation. Human population can be defined as the condition whereby, the total count of the human inhabiting a certain area exceeds the carrying capacity of the area Bongaarts, (2011). This brings out an issue of the carrying capacity of the region which alludes to the number of individuals who can inhabit a certain area for a given period. It may also be looked at as the situation whereby the available renewable resources in a certain area can satisfactorily support the current populationRead MorePet Overpopulation Epidemic Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesSpeech Topic: Pet Overpopulation Epidemic General Purpose: To persuade. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the public is to blame for the pet overpopulation epidemic. Central Idea: In order to control the overwhelming population of homeless pets, we need to stop throwing our â€Å"family friends† away. There are 1.5 dogs and cats put to sleep every second 4-6 million dogs and cats are euthanized every year, states the Humane Society. The pet overpopulation epidemic has becomeRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Problem Of Overpopulation1529 Words   |  7 Pagesthe whole humankind. Overpopulation is a problem that every nation is facing but sometimes over looked by due to lack of understanding and awareness. This is a serious issue that should be taken care of immediately. Overpopulation is an undesirable situation where the number of existing human populace surpasses the carrying capability of Earth. There are main factors that are contributing overpopulation such as the rising birth rate and declining of mortality rate. Overpopulation occurs when the birthRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion And Abortion Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagespoint that is raised by pro-choice advocates is if abortion is made illegal an influx of poor under privileged children will occur. Going further pro-choice advocates question what will become of these unwanted children, while also noting that these unwanted children will inevitably cause overpopulation, a series of abused unhappy children, and an increase in poverty. 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The United States is faced with the problem of what should be done with the excess of stray animals. This is a complex thing to solve, but that doesn’t mean killing the animals for space is right. Stray dogs and cats have just as much right to a good home as pets that already have owners. No-Kill shelters are beneficial, they provide a safe, pet-friendlyRead MoreWhat Causes The Causes Poverty? Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesIt is a severe case that takes over the world and kills the victims whom suffer from it. We should first know that this situation can be enhanced during the time. Undoubtedly it is poverty which is a state of being extremely poor. Subsequently, it is one of the most unsolved issues today. It leads into a bad condition. So, there are three major points that causes this situation. First, the lack of skills causes poverty. Plenty of people have a big problem with unemployment. They are looking forRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1388 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin with, in demography, the term overpopulation refers to a condition wherein the total population of a particular region far exceeds the carrying capacity of the region. Although the term by and large refers to the ratio between population and the available area, the ratio between the population and available resources cannot be ignored. First, the rate at which the population is growing; the data compiled by the United Nations shows that the world population grew by 30 percent betweenRead MoreEssay on Abortion: Women Should have a Choice1304 Words   |  6 Pagespoint that is raised by pro-choice advocates is if abortion is made illegal an influx of poor under privileged children will occur. 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